Our visitors will find in the following listing many of the commonly-used fluorochromes, with their respective peak excitation and emission wavelengths. The authors wish to express particular appreciation to Molecular Probes, Inc. for supplying some of this information; several other sources in the literature were also helpful.

While the authors assume responsibility for the accurate reporting of the data as published in various reliable sources, several caveats must be given. Fluorochrome dyes are environmentally sensitive and different results will be obtained with different solvents and applications. In reviewing the literature, you will frequently find somewhat different data supplied for the identical fluorochrome. There are also, in many instances, several sub-varieties of a fluorochrome.

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The "Handbook of Fluorescent Probes and Research Chemicals", published by Molecular Probes, Inc. in Eugene, Oregon is a rich source of information about fluorochrome dyes. Much information about fluorochromes will also be found in sources cited in the bibliography and Web resources guide which visitors will find on the primer introductory page. See particularly the books edited by Taylor et al. and the literature published by microscope companies. Also, consult the publications of Omega Optical and Chroma Technology.

It is strongly urged that the data for a particular fluorochrome be confirmed by consulting the dye manufacturer to secure full specification of curves for excitation and emission.

Fluorochrome Peak Excitation and Emission Wavelengths

Fluorochrome Excitation Wavelength Emission Wavelength Acid Fuchsin 540 630 Acridine Orange (Bound to DNA) 502 526 Acridine Red 455-600 560-680 Acridine Yellow 470 550 Acriflavin 436 520 AFA (Acriflavin Feulgen SITSA) 355-425 460 Alizarin Complexon 530-560 580 Alizarin Red 530-560 580 Allophycocyanin 650 661 ACMA 430 474 AMCA-S, AMC 345 445 Aminoactinomycin D 555 655 7-Aminoactinomycin D-AAD 546 647 Aminocoumarin 350 445 Anthroyl Stearate 361-381 446 Astrazon Brilliant Red 4G 500 585 Astrazon Orange R 470 540 Astrazon Red 6B 520 595 Astrazon Yellow 7 GLL 450 480 Atabrine 436 490 Auramine 460 550 Aurophosphine 450-490 515 Aurophosphine G 450 580 BAO 9-(Bisamino- phenyloxadiazole) 365 395 BCECF 505 530 Berberine Sulphate 430 550 Bisbenzamide 360 600-610 BOBO-1, BO-PRO-1 462 481 Blancophor FFG Solution 390 470 Blancophor SV 370 435 Bodipy Fl 503 512 Bodipy TMR 542 574 Bodipy TR 589 617 BOPRO 1 462 481 Brilliant Sulpho- flavin FF 430 520 Calcein 494 517 Calcein Blue 370 435 Calcium Green 505 532 Calcium Orange 549 576 Calcofluor RW Solution 370 440 Calcofluor White 440 500-520 Calcofluor White ABT Solution 380 475 Calcofluor White Standard Solution 365 435 5-(and 6-)carboxy SNARF-1 indicator 548 (Low pH) 576 (High pH) 587 (Low pH) 635 (High pH) 6-Carboxyrhodamine 6G 525 555 Cascade Blue 400 425 Catecholamine 410 470 Chinacrine 450-490 515 CL-NERF 504 (Low pH) 514 (High pH) 587 (Low pH) 540 (High pH) Coriphosphine O 460 575 Coumarin-Phalloidin 387 470 CY3.18 554 568 CY5.18 649 666 CY7 710 805 DANS (1-DimethylAmino- Naphthaline-5-Sulphonic Acid) 340 525 DANSA (DiaminoNaphthyl- Sulphonic Acid) 340-380 430 Dansyl NH-CH3 in water 340 578 DAPI 350 470 DiA 456 590 Diamino Phenyl Oxydiazole (DAO) 280 460 Di-8-ANEPPS 488 605 Dimethylamino-5- Sulphonic Acid 310-370 520 DiI [DiIC18(3)] 549 565 DiO [DiOC18(3)] 484 501 Diphenyl Brilliant Flavine 7GFF 430 520 DM-NERF 497 (Low pH) 510 (High pH) 527 (Low pH) 536 (High pH) Dopamine 340 490-520 ELF-97 alcohol 345 530 Eosin 525 545 Erythrosin ITC 530 558 Ethidium Bromide 510 595 Euchrysin 430 540 FIF (Formaldehyde Induced Fluorescence) 405 435 Flazo Orange 375-530 612 Fluorescein 494 518 Fluorescein Iso- thiocyanate (FITC) 490 525 Fluo 3 485 503 FM1-43 479 598 Fura-2 363 (Low [Ca2+]) 335 (High [Ca2+]) 512 (Low [Ca2+]) 505 (High [Ca2+]) Fura Red 472 (Low [Ca2+]) 436 (High [Ca2+]) 657 (Low [Ca2+]) 637 (High [Ca2+]) Genacryl Brilliant Red B 520 590 Genacryl Brilliant Yellow 10GF 430 485 Genacryl Pink 3G 470 583 Genacryl Yellow 5GF 430 475